Trauma and PTSD – What It Is, Types, Causes and Symptoms

Trauma is an intense emotional response to an extremely stressful or dangerous event, such as a serious accident, abuse, or the sudden loss of a loved one. In the first few days or weeks, reactions of shock, fear, and sadness are normal. However, when these feelings persist and begin to affect daily life, they may indicate posttraumatic stress disorder.

Traumatic experiences can also influence the way a person thinks, feels, and relates to others. Over time, they can lead to social withdrawal, difficulty concentrating, and a decreased sense of safety.

What is PTSD?

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that occurs after exposure to severe trauma. Affected individuals may experience intrusive memories, nightmares, intense anxiety, and avoidance of situations that remind them of the traumatic event. In addition, PTSD can significantly affect quality of life and may require specialized psychological support.

Types of trauma and PTSD

• Acute trauma – occurs after a single traumatic event
• Acute trauma – occurs after a single traumatic event Chronic trauma – prolonged exposure to stressful or abusive situations
• Complex trauma – repeated trauma, often in childhood
• Classic PTSD – persistent symptoms after a single event
• Complex PTSD – repeated trauma affecting identity and relationships
• Delayed onset PTSD – symptoms appear months or years later

Causes of trauma and PTSD

Trauma and PTSD can be triggered by extreme experiences such as serious accidents, assaults, physical or emotional abuse, the loss of a loved one, or natural disasters. Therefore, there is no single universal cause. Factors such as family history, low social support, and chemical imbalances in the brain can increase the risk of developing it.

Symptoms of PTSD

• Intrusive memories – flashbacks and nightmares
• Avoidance – avoiding places or people associated with the trauma
• Hyperactivity – constant state of alertness and irritability
• Emotional changes – guilt, detachment, relationship difficulties

When is it recommended? psychological help?

If symptoms persist and affect sleep, relationships, or professional activity, psychological counseling is recommended. Thus, through therapy, negative emotional patterns can be identified and healthy strategies for managing traumatic memories can be developed, contributing to regaining a sense of safety and inner balance.