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Depression – What It Is, Types, Causes and Symptoms

Depression is a psychological disorder characterized by a persistent state of sadness, loss of interest in usual activities, and a significant reduction in energy. Unlike occasional episodes of sadness, depression profoundly affects daily life, relationships, and the ability to function normally.

Depression is also not just a temporary emotional state. It can affect the way a person thinks, feels, and acts. Over time, this condition can lead to social isolation, decreased self-confidence, and difficulty concentrating.

What is depression?

Depression is a serious emotional condition that affects your inner balance and quality of life. The problem occurs when sadness, lack of motivation, and exhaustion become constant and do not go away with time. In addition, affected people may have difficulty enjoying things that used to bring them pleasure.

Types of depression

• Major depression – severe symptoms lasting at least two weeks
• Persistent depressive disorder – milder but long-lasting symptoms
• Postpartum depression – occurs after childbirth
• Seasonal affective disorder – linked to lack of natural light
• Bipolar depression – alternation between depressive and manic episodes

Causes of depression

Depression can arise from a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Therefore, there is no single universal cause, but rather a combination of influences that can vary from one person to another.

• Genetic factors – hereditary predisposition
• Chemical imbalances – low serotonin levels
• Environmental factors – chronic stress, emotional losses
• Hormonal problems – pregnancy, menopause, thyroid
• Psychological factors – negative thinking and perfectionism

Symptoms of depression

Symptoms of depression can vary from person to person and can affect both the emotional, physical, and behavioral levels.

• Emotional symptoms – persistent sadness, lack of pleasure
• Cognitive symptoms – difficulty concentrating
• Physical symptoms – fatigue, insomnia, appetite changes
• Behavioral symptoms – social isolation
• Suicidal thoughts – in severe cases

When is psychological help recommended?

If the state of sadness persists, affects sleep, relationships or professional activity, psychological counseling is recommended. Thus, through therapy, negative thinking patterns can be identified and healthy strategies for managing emotions can be developed, contributing to regaining inner balance.